The honest answer to repair-or-replace comes down to five questions, and any roofer who answers before asking them is guessing or selling.
First: how old is the roof, really? Architectural asphalt in this climate runs twenty to twenty-five years, three-tab closer to fifteen. A roof at year eight with storm damage is a repair. A roof at year twenty-two with the same damage is a replacement, because you would be spending good money on a system that is nearly finished anyway.
Second: is the damage isolated or everywhere? Three lifted shingles on a windward rake is a repair. Granule loss and bruising across every slope is not something you patch.
Third: what is the deck doing? If the sheathing has been wet long enough to delaminate or soften, that is not visible from the surface and it is not fixable from the surface either. This is why a real inspection includes the attic.
Fourth: how many layers are up there? A second layer over the original is common on older Cass County homes. Once you have two, a repair is a stopgap, and code will require a full tear-off when you do finally replace.
Fifth: can the shingle even be matched? Discontinued lines and ten years of sun fade mean a repair patch on a visible slope can end up looking worse than the damage. Sometimes the deciding factor is simply that you will see the repair from the street every day.
Where the answers are mixed, we say so. Plenty of roofs we inspect need one boot replaced and nothing else, and telling a homeowner that is how you get called back in six years when they really do need the roof.